Nasty Norovirus Makes a Comeback as U.S. Stomach Virus Cases Soar

Cases of norovirus, a highly contagious stomach virus, are on the rise in the United States this winter. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 91 outbreaks were reported in the week of December 5, an increase from 69 the previous week. This marks a significant uptick compared to the maximum of 65 outbreaks typically reported during this timeframe in prior years.

Norovirus infections are marked by sudden onset of vomiting and diarrhea. These outbreaks frequently occur in places where people gather closely, such as cruise ships, nursing homes, schools, and jails.

Norovirus stands as the leading cause of foodborne illness in the nation, accounting for approximately 58% of such infections annually. Health experts emphasize that it only takes about ten viral particles to cause illness, underscoring how easily the virus can spread.

Each year, around 2,500 norovirus outbreaks are documented in the U.S., with the peak season running from November to April. The infection typically manifests 12 to 48 hours after exposure, with symptoms lasting between one to three days. Common symptoms include nausea, stomach pain, body aches, headache, fever, in addition to the notorious vomiting and diarrhea.

Norovirus spreads primarily when infected individuals share food or utensils, but can also be transmitted through contaminated surfaces or water. Every year, the virus leads to an estimated 19 to 21 million illnesses, resulting in 900 deaths and 109,000 hospitalizations, primarily affecting adults aged 65 and older, as well as young children who frequent emergency rooms.

While anyone can contract norovirus, young children, seniors, and individuals with compromised immune systems are particularly vulnerable. Dehydration, stemming from fluid loss due to vomit and diarrhea, poses the greatest health risk. Unfortunately, no specific medications exist to treat norovirus. Instead, rehydration through water and non-caffeinated beverages is essential, particularly for those displaying signs of dehydration such as reduced urination, dry mouth, or dizziness upon standing.

To reduce the risk of infection, health officials recommend rigorous handwashing with soap and warm water—particularly before meals. Additionally, disinfecting frequently-touched surfaces can help curb the spread of this resilient virus.